History of Time Telling Machines - 972 Words

The Tick in the Clock New technology often begins with the clear intention of solving an ongoing problem or satisfying a societal need. Many times, this new piece of technology is simple, such as the toothpick. Other times, a new technology can be a thing of great complexity, such as a computer hard drive or Facebook. One piece of technology in particular has changed the way human society has functioned over the past few centuries. Everyone strives to keep track of time, as more and more technologies arise and give way to an increased demand for a structured day. In order to do this, one looks up at a clock. The clock, to put it simply, is a device used to tell the hours, minutes, and seconds of a day. According to Artemidorus of Daldis, a second century A.D. writer, â€Å"A clock signifies occupations and undertakings, movements and the start of transactions. For men keep their eyes on the time in all that they do,† (Dohrn-van Rossum 17). Not only does a clock keep track of time, it signifies the need for the human race to organize and control their surroundings, as it has been from the first encounter between technology and the human race. The technology of a clock is simple yet varied. The clock’s shell is usually made out of brass, copper, tin or zinc. After the shell is molded the components of the clock are assembled; significant working parts including the face, arms, power source, gear train, escapement, wheels, mainspring, pendulum and quartz are allShow MoreRelatedA Common Issue Brought Up Throughout Time Travel Works Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesA common issue brought up throughout time travel works is the fear or idea of possibly changing the present or future by changing the past. This fear and issue is prominent in the works read during the first half of this semester. H.G. Wells brings up many different issues in The Time Machine but I find the most important is this idea of changing history, if only in a small way. Changing the future or present can have both negative and positive outcomes. An analysis of Timescape reveals the ideaRead MoreThe Shaping Of The Modern World Essay1407 Words   |   6 Pagestransformation of technology. ​As discussed in class, the late 1400s were where many economic conducts were controlled by families, religion, tradition and political authority rather than by markets. The manufacturing of goods was done using hand tools and machines in the comfort of households and in small farms. Particularly on farms, workers were required to perform hard labor, making the life of the average person emphatically difficult as results were diseases and malnourishment. In essence, the IndustrialRead MoreThe Cult Of True Womanhood And The Cult Of True Womanhood1194 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of the world is a complex arrangement of happenings and occurrences that have shaped the current state of civilization. At a fundamental level, history is the driving force behind every element of society that exists today. Within history, there are several factors that have and continue to determine the way in which our society functions. One of the most significant of these factors is gender. Tod ay, conceptions, viewpoints and ideas surrounding gender are always changing. It is thisRead MoreThe History And How Of Computers915 Words   |  4 PagesThe History and How of Computers Everything you do on a computer or phone is meticulously programmed. Surfing the web requires HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JQuery, and PHP. Lines upon lines written such as â€Å"$temp = password_hash($object-password, PASSWORD_BCRYPT);†. 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The scientist has exceled in differentRead MoreInformative Speech : The Pixar Theory1382 Words   |  6 Pages Informative Speech Outline Title/Topic: The Pixar Theory Specific Purpose: The purpose is to inform on how all Pixar movies exist in the same universe and is telling the same story just jumping around in time. This timelines includes Toy Story (1995), A Bug’s Life (1998), Toy Story 2 (1998), Monsters Inc. (2001), Finding Nemo (2003), The Incredibles (2004), Cars (2006), Ratatouille (2007), WALL-E (2008), Up (2009), Toy Story 3 (2010), Cars 2 (2011), Brave (2012) ,and 2013 Monsters UniversityRead More Triangle: The Fire that Changed America Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The ‘Triangle’ company, â€Å"With blood this name will be written in the history of the American workers’ movement, and with feeling will this history recall the names of the strikers of this shop- of the crusaders† (Von Drehle 86). Even before it happen, the Forward predicted the terrible disaster of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory that occurred one year, one month, and seventeen days later (86). Triangle: The Fire that Changed Am erica, by David Von Drehle tells the story of the horrible fire. DavidRead MoreShort Essay On Tay AI1375 Words   |  6 PagesIn march of 2016 there was a program that microsoft introduced to the world called Tay AI. It was a program created to illustrate how a teenage girl behaves, when introduced to the negative sides of history, she began making comments on her opinions of the matter, all of them seemed to support the Nazi party’s ideologies, this shows how with a bit of influence, even the most innocent of things can become, corrupted. The cold feeling of the rubber cord along the surface of my hand only added toRead MoreEgyptian Inventions : Ancient Egypt1151 Words   |  5 Pagesdevices have shaped the Earth and they all have a history. The past builds on to the future and the outcome is not predictable. In ancient Egypt, life was very complex and there were difficult problems that they needed to solve. Therefore, a countless number of inventions were projected. Some successful ones commenced from ancient civilizations in Africa. The Egyptians had many important inventions pertaining to paper and writing, time telling, and agriculture. Today, there are many forms ofRead MoreEssay about 2001 A Space Odyssey Analysis904 Words   |  4 Pageswell. His computer, HAL 9000, is one of the most popular computers in my opinion. HAL 9000 is a big machine, and speaks like we expect machines to speak, and is apparently designed to have some emotion. HAL 9000 was built to be invincible with very little flaws and that characteristic is typical to be put in movies, illustrating the point that often movies have too much faith and trust in machines. HAL 9000 was designed to finish his mission and was given enough intelligence and feelings to do so

Marketing Coordinator Marketing Management Job Position

Marketing coordinator intrigued me in the fact that I feel that I have some of the attributes and the requirements that the position is required. Reason why I am intrigued with the marketing coordinating job is it seems that not everyday is the same role, and its fast paced, so it brings more excitement to the job. Especially with being young its worth while to do but like Professor Iqbal would say its not something you would do for a while, in the fact that life does change in the near future with family and stuff. Brand Management job position also stood out to me because I would say that I hold a managerial attribute as well as promoting and making myself look good as a person brand wise. For example I currently have branded myself as a freelance makeup artist on the side, just as every company would say you have to make your consumers believe in the brand that you stand for. I think that also working in teams is something I do very well at as well; by being able to connect with different people to make a product stand out is something I have always been interested in. Last but not least, my dream job would be International Marketing. I have always had a passion into working for a company out of the United States. My all time favorite company would be for Burberry in the UK. I think that international marketing is exciting but also challenging. I also feel that it has a variety of options being able to see your project you work on and see the final product in thatShow MoreRelatedEssay On Marketing Coordinator1143 Words   |  5 PagesNatalie Duarte IBM 492 HELP WANTED International Marketing Coordinator The MLS is currently seeking an LA-based marketing coordinator with 2-4 years of marketing experience to work on MLS international content and marketing initiatives. The coordinator will be responsible for supporting the programming and localization process of content, including selecting and organizing content based on priority, working with translators to localize content, and to ensure that the goals of entertaining a casualRead MoreHy Dairies Case Study Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesseem that this case involves stereotyping—specifically, that Syd Gilman has stereotyped Rochelle Beauport. In fact, there is no apparent evidence of this stereotyping. From all accounts, Gilman is sincere in assigning Beauport to the marketing research coordinator job. He seems to be providing—or believes that he is providing—a good career opportunity for further advancement. If stereotyping exists in this case, it involves Rochelle Beauport’s stereotyping of Syd Gilman a s a typical sexist and racistRead MoreCase Study Hy Dairies, Ltd Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagespresident of marketing at Hy Dairies, Syd Gilman credited this achievement to Rochelle Beauport, the assistant brand manager at the time, and decided to reward her with a newly vacated post of marketing research coordinator. Based on his own career experience, Gilman was very much convinced that the marketing research coordinator job would provide Beauport with greater career potential with Hy Dairies. However Rochelle Beauport, being one of the top women and few visible minorities in marketing managementRead MoreCase Analysis : Hy Dairies, Inc. Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pageswas working as an assistant brand manager at the company, coordinator of marketing research. Here, the VP thought it would be a great career building opportunity for her and for the overall company growth as well, he thought so because his own career took a great leap after he started to work in marketing research. In her previous job, her boss showed strong belief towards women not being able to work efficiently in the top management positions, keeping that in mind she stereotyped that bosses of anyRead MoreHy Dairies Case1044 Words   |  5 Pagescompany did not want women or minorities in top level management positions. âž ¢ When: Within the next few days, before she is assigned to her new job. âž ¢ To Whom do they make recommendation: Syd Gilman Analysis A. Issues and Symptoms (cause and effects) OB issue: Potential sexist and racist practices Evidence: 1. At Beauport’s previous job she was told that women would not be able to handle a marketing management job. 2. She believes this movement is a way toRead MoreA Large Midwestern Milk Products Manufacturer1554 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased sales and market share over the past two quarters, which was tied to a marketing campaign used to boost the sales of the company’s gourmet ice cream brand. Rochelle Beauport, who is an assistant brand manager, joined the team from another food products company and is â€Å"one of the few women of color in the marketing management.† (McShane Von Glinow, 2013) She is responsible for coming up with the marketing campaign for the gourmet ice cream. After the sales numbers came out and RochelleRead MoreEssay on Marketing Strategies970 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://www.intel.com/jobs/careers/marketing/ http://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/5256/Sales-Vs-Marketing-Whose-Job-is-it-to-Generate-Leads.aspx Content:  The decision content includes market opportunity analysis, brand development, advertising, pricing and basic sales force management decisions. It also includes a simplified profit analysis. Decisions by Quarter Quarter 1: Setup your company, evaluate market opportunities and prepare for test market. †¢ DetermineRead MoreNba General Manager Of A Nba Team1206 Words   |  5 PagesNBA General Manager One of the dream jobs of many people who love basketball is to be the general manager of a NBA team. The general manager position is the captain of the ship as it puts together the team roster and has to make the executive decisions of trades and other financial transactions. The general manager also hires and fires the coaching staff. The only person the general manager answers to is the owner of the team. A general manager’s success is determined by how well the team progressedRead MoreSample Letter For A Medical Records1314 Words   |  6 Pagescertificate program in Health Information Management at Central Texas College. The education that I received provided me an introduction into health service delivery and gave me an opportunity to work for a small psychiatric practice as a transcriptionist. In this position I developed entry level skills while covering the front desk and transcribing dictated reports. I only remained in this position for a brief period and worked o utside of healthcare, as jobs were scarce. In 1996, after returningRead MoreSite Coordinators For Expanded Learning Program995 Words   |  4 PagesSite Coordinators for expanded learning program manage a lot of things including, employees, children, programming, operations and much more. According to the Site Coordinator job posting on job.thinktogether.org (n.d.), Site Coordinators manages all aspects of a single educational site to ensure that the program meets educational and recreational objectives and is managed in accordance with policies and procedures including safe work practices. 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NCMMOD2CA Free Essays

The question of the respective interests of the two sides in the Hollywood conflict is ultimately a valid question in light of the article. However, perhaps before embarking on an exploration of what their respective interests might be, it would be wise to first clearly define what we are referring to when we reference the two sides of the debate. The clearest separation between the two sides shown in the article is that of the guilds versus the producers or movie houses. We will write a custom essay sample on NCMMOD2CA or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, perhaps equally interesting is the gray area, which falls in between the two – for example, those members of a guild who are also producers. The point in this respect is to determine where those people lie on the scale of either being more biased toward the guild members (actors and writers) or toward the producers. If we take our two sides as defined, the producers versus the guild members then we are in a sufficient position to examine the respective interests of each side. It is immediately clear that this is a long-standing debate as we begin to examine the article, â€Å"On the morning of October 8, 1945, thousands of picketing film workers, some wearing white-painted civil defense helmets, were confronted by truckloads of scabs who attacked with lead pipes, monkey wrenches and nightsticks† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 1). From this inauspicious opening, we can already start to summon some idea of what the central debate might be. The principal concern of both sides of this debate is money – whether that money should be residual compensation for work performed on a completed product (for the actors and writers), or ongoing revenue from the marketing and sale of that product (for the producers).   While the article details the previous compensation rates for guild members, â€Å"When a consumer plops down $25 for a new DVD, for example, the credited screenwriter receives only 4 cents†   (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 10) it also clearly indicates the desire of the guild members – for additional compensation in this regard. Therefore, we can clearly define the interest of the guild members as being that of what they might regard as adequate compensation for their work. However, this is not the only interest at work in the guild members, as we look deeper into the article and examine the strikes that have taken place previously. â€Å"After last year’s costly six-month SAG-AFTRA walkout in the commercials sector, during which thousands of actors went without paychecks, there’s little rank-and-file enthusiasm for another season without work† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 33). Clearly, given the fact that the previous strike had damaged lives and caused hardship to guild members, the guild members themselves would indicate among their interests the fastest possible resolution to any conflict between the guild and the producers. As mentioned in the article by one IATSE official, â€Å"You don’t go on strike for six months to get what you could have gotten in the first week† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 15). Perhaps then, we have more than simply two sides at work in the conflict: the guilds, the guild members, and the producers. The producers, by contrast, clearly are eager to maintain the status quo. In one negotiation, specific figures are named, with the WGA scaling back its demands to a meager 25% increase, and being met with â€Å"an offer of a zero percent increase† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 13). It is worthwhile at this point to note that both sides have expressed interests and not positions. To clarify, the interest on the guild member’s side might be increased compensation, while a possible position for that interest would be the actual renegotiation of contractual agreements between the guilds and the producers. Similarly, on the producer’s side, the interest is maintaining the status quo, while the position would be the maintenance of existing contracts. To examine points, we should again discuss how those points affect both sides of the debate. The points are clear enough that they can be listed one by one. Due to the mild bias of the article toward the guilds, and guild members there are considerably more points presented from this side of the argument than the other. The first and simplest point is the sheer mass of guild members demanding better working conditions: â€Å"pent-up demand has reached a boiling point† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 5) mentions WGA vice president, Dan Petrie, Jr. Whether this demand and pressure is due to poor contracts with producers, or poor negotiations of the same is subject to debate, but is beyond the scope of this essay. Second, there are the many sides of the financial coin. Artists are concerned primarily with fair pay for the use of their work in both the original and recreated mediums. As mentioned in the articles, â€Å"artists are paid little or nothing in residuals for such reuse and resale of their work† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 9). This perhaps was less of a problem before the emergence of the Internet, and the growth of the International market. In fact, it is clearly stated that writers had previously accepted lower pay, however they â€Å"did so with the understanding that talent would eventually receive a fair share as those markets matured† (Cooper, 2001,  ¶ 10). According to the article, this is something, which has now happened. An additional aspect to the financial issues is the matter of what the article refers to as â€Å"transfer pricing† abuse – the maneuvering of intellectual property among subsidiary partners of a corporate owner at less than fair market value to reduce the required amount of residuals, which are eligible to be paid. Just as these points are the primary ones discussed in the article, there are none mentioned for the producers – other than their interest in maintaining the status quo, as discussed earlier in the essay. The primary conflict of money for the two sides is, according to the article, a major threat to the movie industry as a whole. As this conflict approaches resolution, the successful negotiation by the unions to a deal which will allow for substantial enough earnings to appease their member base while still allowing for enough profit for the producers, will prove to determine if the actor and writer guilds can escape their status â€Å"as pampered poodles.† (Cooper, 2001) References Cooper, M. (2001). Residual Anger. Retrieved February 11, 2007 from, http://www.thenation.com/doc/20010402/cooper How to cite NCMMOD2CA, Essay examples

Marketing Draft For Crema Sutra

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Draft For Crema Sutra. Answer: Introduction Crema Sutra is a caf in Australia that offers breakfast, lunch and drinks to the customers. The breakfast timings are 8 am to 12 noon and the offerings are different varieties of egg, chilli scramble, bacon and eggs, cheese veg omlette, pancakes, smashed avocado and assorted dishes of eggs. The drink menu include soft drinks, iced tea, coffee and chocolate drinks, cold coffee, juices, milk shakes and mock tails. The lunch menu offers range of burgers, wraps, salads and sandwiches to the customers. The caf has been able to attract customers through its mouth watering crema super sutra and slice of summer. The report aims to construct a marketing campaign for the caf in order to increase its business. In order to create the campaign, SWOT analysis would be performed so as to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization. The target market and USP would also be identified in order to develop an effective campaign. SWOT Analysis Strengths Crema Sutra has one of the most popular and award winning head chef, under whose guidance and supervision the preparation of cuisines is being carried out. This ensures that the quality of the food is of the highest standard under the strict supervision of chef. The defined system of processes by the chef for the preparation of dishes ensures sustainable procurement practices for ingredients. The ambience and infrastructure glorifies the taste of food and offers a great dining experience to the consumers. The consumers prefer to have their lunch at Crema Sutra because of its amazing dining experience that creates a memorable event for the customers. The caf provides both outdoor and indoor seating along with pretty spacious private place far from the bustling crowd. The caf has been able to maintain its economies of scale through its owner operated system that has proved to be an effective model for the caf. The caf does not have any franchise stores that suggests that the complete focus of the team is directed towards one caf that is located nearby railway station. The model has supported the growth of profitability of the caf through its low operating cost. The caf takes complete control of the staff in order to provide effective services to the consumers. The owner of the caf has hired highly skilled and knowledgeable staff in order to provide high quality services to the customers. The staff members including waiters and chef are highly conscious to provide a great experience to the consumers. Another advantage of the caf is that it is located nearby railway station due to which it can be easily accessed by the public transport. Thus, the customers can reach the caf by any means of transport including buses and taxis. Weaknesses In spite of highly skilled staff members, the caf fails to maintain its quality services during the peak hours. This is because the caf does not have adequate staff members to manage the crowd poured during peak hours. This results in slow services and customer dissatisfaction and thus, tarnishes the image of the company. Another major issue faced by company is that it does not have secure parking space for the customers that creates low consumer satisfaction. Opportunities There are many schools located within the proximity of caf that has the potential to increase the number of customers for caf. The students of schools look for a place to hang out after their school hours. Another opportunity for the caf is to start a delivery service within its proximity zone to increase its market share. The caf has only one branch located near to railway station and it has great opportunity to build new caf store outlets to expand its business and market share. By opening its chain of store outlet, the caf could attract more customers who prefer to have Australian cuisine. Threats The major threat for the caf is to have a caf nearby with the similar dining concept could attract all the customers of the caf. Target Market The primary target market of Crema Sutra comprises of families and adults. The number of customers is increased during the lunch hours and most of the customers belong to local area. Further, the caf also offers pre booking services for small meetings and gatherings. The adult customers prefer to have a coffee after their meals. Unique Selling Proposition Crema Sutra offers discountable lunch to the customers during weekdays and serves the special menu of chef at a very affordable price. Another USP of the caf is its barista dining experience that offers both indoor as well as outdoor seating to the customers. Marketing Campaign Campaign Objective The main objective of the marketing campaign is to attract time sensitive customers during lunch hours and ensure optimum utilization of the spacious space of caf. This would help the caf to maintain its economies of scale and would drive profits for the company. Target Audience The primary target audience of the caf is families and adults. Now in order to increase the sales revenue of the company, the caf must target a new market segment of time sensitive customers. Time sensitive customers are time conscious as they follow a very busy schedule for their most of the days. Time sensitive customers could be businessman and busy professionals and executives. The businessman are high class customers, thus, they would not be comfortable to visit an affordable and cheap caf, instead would prefer to visit Starbucks and other premium caf chains. On the other hand, executives who look for affordable cafes and restaurants could be targeted as the potential customers. Thus, the campaign would target the market segment of executives who look for affordable places for their lunch. Unique Selling Proposition Low and affordable price would be the unique selling proposition for the customers blended with the unique recipes of the cafs chef. Further, the caf would provide delivery services to the offices of the executives so that they can save their time of travelling to the caf. Marketing Mix Marketing mix helps to determine the 4Ps namely product, price, promotion and place for the marketing campaign (Yeshin, 2012). Product Product is developed to satisfy the needs of the target audience and could either be tangible or intangible (Lamb, Hair, and McDaniel, 2008). The services of caf would define the product for the consumers including quality and taste of food, staff attitude, dining experience and other experiences of the customers. Crema Sutra would offer unique recipes developed by master chef of the caf. For every recipe, a process would be developed in order to ensure the quality of the food. Further, sustainable ingredients must also be procured in order to maintain the quality of the services. Delivery services of food would be provided to the price sensitive customers during their lunch time. The menu would also be kept different for every day so that the executives are not bored eating the same food every day. The lunch menu would comprise of a drink (coffee, cold drink, mocktail), burger or another eatable item and salad. The meal combo has been created in a way so as to take care of the health of the customers. Thus, the product must ensure the quality of the food, timely services to the executives (during their lunch time) and the attitude of staff. Price Price is one of the important components of marketing mix as it is responsible for attracting the customers (Kubicki, 2015). Economy pricing strategy would be used in order to attract large number of customers belonging to low income class (Schindler Schindler, 2011). Since the executives look forward to have their lunch meal at an affordable price, therefore, the prices would be kept low. Also, the targeted audience is mass market including executives working in their offices, therefore, low pricing strategy would help to achieve economies of scale. Promotion Promotion is the most important element of the marketing mix as it communicates the product information to the target audience (Shimp, 2008). With the emerging technology and wide use of social media networks has brought a significant difference in the advertising methods. The organizations widely use Facebook, Instagram, Google Plus to market their products and services. Further, with the evolving concept of digital marketing, organizations have also started focusing on their websites and other modes of online marketing. This is because of the fact that almost 30% of the worlds population is dependent on internet and thus, digital marketing is likely to attract a large number of customers for the company (Internet World Stats, 2017). Following are the prescribed methods and tools that would be used in the campaign: Website: The caf must develop its own website because most of the customers are likely to visit the website to assess the credibility of the restaurant (Sokolowski, 2013). Crema Sutra could present all its products and services through website to reach a wider target audience. Email Marketing: Email marketing is one of the most effective tools of digital marketing as it directly reaches the inbox of the target customers (Ryan, 2014). An attractive email would be developed to attract the attention of the executives. The subject of the email would be Now enjoy your delicious lunch meal at the doorsteps of your offices. The subject line is likely to grab attention of the executives. Social Media Marketing: Most of the executives spend their time on Facebook and Instagram. Crema Sutra could create its web page on Facebook and run a campaign to attract the customers (Zarrella, 2009). Apart from the above methods of promotion, the caf could also distribute discount coupons in the offices to give them a taste of the delicious recipes of master chef. They customers are likely to be attracted by the discount coupons and may enroll for delivery services. Place Placement and distribution contributes a major role to attract the target audience and the product has to be distributed at an accessible place (Percy, 2008). The lunch meal would be delivered at the offices of the executives to target large number of audience. Care must be taken of timely delivery as the lunch timings of the executives are fixed. Positioning Strategy Positioning strategy is used to define the image of product or service in the minds of consumers (McDonald, 2007). The consumers are affected by the quality of services and how a brand projects itself in the market (East et al, 2016). The positioning strategy for Crema Sutra is offering affordable lunch meal to the executives. This must be taken care of in all the promotional activities and the brand must project itself as an economical brand so as to not distract the customers (Blakeman, 2014). References Blakeman, R. (2014). Integrated Marketing Communication:Creative Strategy from Idea to Implementation. US: Rowman Littlefield. East, R., Singh, J., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2016). Consumer Behaviour:Applications in Marketing. California: SAGE. Internet World Stats. (2017). INTERNET USAGE STATISTICS: The Internet Big Picture. Internet World Stats. Available at: https://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm [Accessed Online 25 March 2017]. Kubicki, M. (2015). The Marketing Mix:Master the 4 Ps of marketing. US: 50 Minutes. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F., and McDaniel, C. (2008). Essential of Marketing. Cengage Learning. McDonald, M. (2007). Marketing Plans:How to Prepare Them, how to Use Them. US: Butterworth-Heinemann. Percy, L. (2008). Strategic Integrated Marketing Communication:Theory and Practice. US: Routledge. Ryan, D. (2014). Understanding Digital Marketing:Marketing Strategies for Engaging the Digital Generation. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Schindler, R.M., Schindler, R. (2011). Pricing Strategies:A Marketing Approach. California: SAGE. Shimp, T.A. (2008). Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications. US: Cengage Learning. Sokolowski, O. (2013). Influences and Attitudes Within Consumer Behaviour Process. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Yeshin, T. (2012). Integrated Marketing Communications. US: Routledge. Zarrella, D. (2009). The Social Media Marketing. Canada: O'Reilly Media, Inc.

The Big List of 25+ Business Writing Tips

Drafting business copy can be challenging. When you’re trying to develop content that helps sell products or gets more customers to sign up for your services, you need to be persuasive, informative and entertaining. Whether you’re new to the business writing world or a seasoned veteran, this isn’t always easy. However, there are a few tips business writers can follow to improve their content and see more conversions. Let’s check out 25 business writing tips you can use to start writing better copy. Planning 1. Get to know your target audience, including what their fears, problems and needs are. 2. Before you begin writing, understand the purpose of what you’re about to create. 3. Put the proper planning into each new piece of content. Mapping out an outline will save you time in the long run. 4. Try mapping out complex ideas before you begin writing. Connecting points, thoughts, and important details before you start your first draft can save time and make the process easier. Process 5. Write a rough first draft to help get your ideas flowing. You can always perfect your content later. 6. If you’re struggling to come up with your introduction, skip it. Start with your first main point and come back to your introduction after you’ve finished. 7. Write the headings of your articles first. This will give you an outline to follow, helping you stay on topic. 8. Use the Pomodoro Method to help you stay focused. Set a timer for about 20 minutes. During that time, only focus on writing your copy. When the timer is done, take a short break. Keep repeating this process until your content is complete. 9. Remember to take it one step at a time. Don’t try to edit before your first draft is completed and don’t start writing until your outline is finished. Focus on the process and slow down when necessary! 10. Structure your post for scan-ability. Focus on bite-sized chunks of content that are easily absorbed and use subheadings and bullets to add clarity. Copywriting 11. Use language that flows naturally. While you may be writing for a business, you still want your reader to enjoy engaging with your content! 12. Include different headings to help your readers understand which information is the most important. Indicatinga hierarchy can help your reader identify which content connects. 13. Don’t try to impress your readers by using extensive vocabulary. It is more important that you get your ideas across clearly and efficiently. 14. If a short, simple word will explain your thought just as well as a long one, always use the simpler word instead. 15. Create emotion within your copy. Although your content is for a business audience, you still want your readers to connect and engage with it on a personal and emotional level. Editing 16. Don’t smother your verbs. Adding unnecessary words around your verbs can cause confusion and inconsistency. 17. Be direct about what you need. Avoid using verbs that don’t precisely describe the outcome you’re hoping to receive. 18. Avoid the passive voice. 19. Craft your copy with the end reader in mind. This may mean adjusting verbs, terms, or lingo that you use to fit the needs of that particular individual. 20. Avoid jargon and buzzwords. These terms tend to come and go, so don’t make a habit of using them in your writing. 21. Don’t be afraid of a one-sentence paragraph. 22. Have multiple editors read through your content. Check your copy once yourself, then hand the project off for an additional proofread. 23. Edit your content for more than just grammar and spelling. Make sure your copy meets the needs of your customers, accurately provides them with new information, and that you’re providing that information in the best way possible. 24. Read 25 Tips for Editing Your First Draft Bonus 25. Listen to your audience’s feedback. The better you understand their expectations, the more likely you are to provide them with high-quality content. 26. Check out the Content Writer’s Guide to Grammar, Punctuation and Structure 27. Hire one of our expert copywriters. Constant Content takes the hassle out of finding, hiring and managing freelance writers. You’ll be surprised just how easy content creation can be.

Learn About Italian Easter Traditions and Customs

Learn About Italian Easter Traditions and Customs A huge explosion will be detonated Easter Sunday in front of the magnificent green– and white–marbled neogothic church in Florences centro storico. Instead of running in fear from a terrorists bomb, though, thousands of spectators will cheer the noise and smoke, for they will be witnesses to the annual Scoppio del Carro- explosion of the cart. For over 300 years the Easter celebration in Florence has included this ritual, during which an elaborate wagon, a structure built in 1679 and standing two to three stories high, is dragged through Florence behind a fleet of white oxen decorated in garlands. The pageantry ends in front of the Basilica di S. Maria del Fiore, where Mass is held. During the midday service, a holy fire is stoked by ancient stone chips from the Holy Sepulcher, and the Archbishop lights a dove–shaped rocket which travels down a wire and collides with the cart in the square, setting off spectacular fireworks and explosions to the cheers of all. A big bang ensures a good harvest, and a parade in medieval costume follows. Tradition and ritual play a strong role in Italian culture, especially during celebrations such as Easter, the Christian holiday based on the pagan festival called Eostur-Monath. No matter what date Easter falls on, there are many ceremonies and culinary customs that are religiously upheld. Some traditions are regional, for instance the art of palm weaving, in which decorative crosses and other designs are created from the palms received on Palm Sunday. Easter Ceremonies in Italy At Vatican City there are a series of solemn events that culminate in Easter Sunday Mass. During the spring holy days that center around the vernal equinox there are also many other rites practiced throughout the country that have their roots in historic pagan rituals. In addition, the Monday following Easter is an official Italian holiday called la Pasquetta, so if traveling be prepared for another day of repose. Tredozio On Easter Monday the Palio dellUovo is a competition where eggs are the stars of the games. Merano The Corse Rusticane are conducted, fascinating races with a special breed of horses famous for their blonde manes ridden by youths wearing the local costumes of their towns. Before the race, the participants parade through the streets of the town followed by a band and folk dance groups. Barano dIschia On Easter Monday the Ndrezzata takes place- a dance which revives the fights against the Saracens. Carovigno On the Saturday before Easter is a procession dedicated to the Madonna del Belvedere during which the Nzeghe contest takes place: banners must be hurled as far as possible. Enna Religious rites dating back to the Spanish domination (fifteenth through seventeenth century) take place in this Sicilian town. On Good Friday, the different religious confraternities gather around the main church and over 2,000 friars wearing ancient costumes silently parade through the streets of the city. On Easter Sunday, the Paci ceremony takes place: the statue of the Virgin and that of Jesus Christ are first taken to the main square and then into the church where they stay for a week. Easter Dining In Italy, the expression Natale con i tuoi, Pasqua con chi vuoi is frequently heard (Christmas with your family, Easter with your own choice of friends). Oftentimes, this implies sitting down to a dinner that starts with minestra di Pasqua, the traditional beginning of the Neapolitan Easter meal. Other classic Easter recipes include carciofi fritti (fried artichokes), a main course of either capretto o agnellino al forno (roasted goat or baby lamb) or capretto cacio e uova (kid stewed with cheese, peas, and eggs), and carciofi e patate soffritti, a delicious vegetable side dish of sautà ©ed artichokes with baby potatoes. A holiday meal in Italy would not be complete without a traditional dessert, and during Easter there are several. Italian children finish their dinner with a rich bread shaped like a crown and studded with colored Easter egg candies. La pastiera Napoletana, the classic Neapolitan grain pie, is a centuries–old dish with innumerable versions, each made according to a closely guarded family recipe. Another treat is the  Colomba cake, a sweet, eggy, yeasted bread (like panettone plus candied orange peel, minus the raisins, and topped with sugared and sliced almonds) shaped in one of the most recognizable symbols of Easter, the dove. The Colomba cake takes on this form precisely because  la colomba  in Italian means dove, the symbol of peace and an appropriate finish to Easter dinner. Uova di Pasqua Although Italians do not decorate hard–boiled eggs nor have chocolate bunnies or pastel marshmallow chicks, the biggest Easter displays in bars, pastry shops, supermarkets, and especially at chocolatiers are brightly wrapped  uova di Pasqua- chocolate Easter eggs- in sizes that range from 10 grams (1/3 ounce) to 8 kilos (nearly 18 pounds). Most of them are made of milk chocolate in a mid–range, 10–ounce size by industrial chocolate makers. Some producers distinguish between their chocolate eggs for children (sales numbers are a closely guarded secret, but the market for these standard quality eggs is said to be shrinking with Italys birthrate) and expensive adult versions. All except the tiniest eggs contain a surprise. Grown–ups often find their eggs contain little silver picture frames or gold–dipped costume jewelry. The very best eggs are handmade by artisans of chocolate, who offer the service of inserting a surprise supplied by the purchaser. Car keys, engagement rings, and watches are some of the high–end gifts that have been tucked into Italian chocolate eggs in Italy. Italian Easter Vocabulary List Click to hear the highlighted word spoken by a native speaker. lagnello- lambBuona Pasqua- Happy Easteril coniglietto- bunny rabbitla crocifissione- Crucifixionla pace- peacela Pasquetta- Easter Mondayla primavera- springla resurrezione- Resurrectionla settimana santa- Holy WeeklUltima Cena- Last Supperle uova- eggsVenerdà ¬ Santo- Holy Friday

Industrial Activity and the Environment Article

Industrial Activity and the Environment - Article Example Besides some economic benefits, industrial revolution produced much environmental impacts in a shorter period of time. However, it will be impossible to close all the industries to cut down the pollution. There is a need to find some ways to enable economic growth as well as reducing the environmental pollution. The article that I have selected is â€Å"Industrial Activity and the Environment in China: An Industry-Level Analysis† written by Matthew A. Cole, Robert J.R. Elliott and Shanshan Wu. The article discusses the economic aspects with respect to the environmental perspective. However, China is considered as the reference country to depict the industrial growth and the concentration of different harmful pollutants to the atmosphere. As China has the world’s biggest population, the number of industries in China is increasing day by day and with the increase China has become the biggest producer of carbon dioxide. It is estimated that with this massive amount of air pollution about 300, 0000 people die annually. There is a need to consider the environmental health with the economic growth. Despite the fact that the China has the world’s biggest population, the average air pollution decreased due to the certain efforts of China’s environmental regulatory authorities. Results show that the average atmospheric SO2 levels decreased around 1997 to 2002, while, a little increase was seen in 2000. However, an increase in the average atmospheric SO2 is seen around 2002 to 2004. Similarly the average level of soot emission also decreased around 1997 to 2002 and a minor increase was seen around 2002 to 2004. The similar case is with the dust emissions from industries. These are the three major components of air pollution. The decrease in these three components consequently lowered the pollution intensity, which was at the recorded level in 1998 and now it is on the lowest level. The major producers of the pollutants are the China’s m anufacturing industries like the steel/iron industries in China. Thus the industries are considered as the dirtiest industries among all other. Besides the Steel and iron manufacturing industries, chemical industries, Non-Metallic Mineral producers and Paper and Products industries are also considered as the industries that are producing risk for the environment. It can be noticed that Iron and steel industry, which is considered as the dirtiest industry, is growing with a rapid pace. However, the intensity of the SO2 emission decreased, the similar case is seen with dust and soot emissions. There are several determinants of industrial pollution in China, the first and the most important is the Pollution demand that may involve the energy use, factor intensities, size, efficiency, vintage and innovation. As the demand for energy is rising day by day there is need to generate more energy and generation more energy may involve the utilization of more fossil fuel resources and thus emi tting more pollutants into the atmosphere. Factor intensities of an industry may influence the emissions of more pollutants into the atmosphere. Factor may involve the material and human factors. Size of industry may have some relation with the production of the pollutants. As, more productions may give rise to more pollution emitted into the atmosphere. The other important factor that may have inverse proportion with the amount of pollution is the efficiency of the industry. More efficiency means more products utilizing less amount of energy. Newer

Analysis Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis Activities - Essay Example Each step is important in analysis to ensure the validity of data. Without qualitative data, analysis can be skewed. It is imperative to understand that data produces results that can be transferred in raw info. In any manner, each step should be carefully analyzed because it holds significance and raw weight to Qualitative measures. Standardization and normalization of data is truly essential for quality data. Standardization of each approach falls under best business practices. These practices allow the accumulation of best practices that are vital towards harnessing growth. This information and analysis leads to more conclusive evidence of the process itself. For instance, if the executing stage fails to fall under the scope, then it is evident for leadership to interfere and rectify that issue. Yes, it is clear that findings should be fully documented and audited for compliance. As a matter of fact, the art of auditing is one of the most pivotal elements in the field of accounting and dictates the criteria of embedding controls in an organization. The nature of auditing might seem trivial, but actually contains intricate details that an accountant must embrace. With these ever-growing challenges, the governing bodies that define auditing principles so have become stringent in their regulation. The IRS, SEC, and AICPA all have collaborated within each other to create standards that can serve as a backbone for an alignment of best business practices, which is why documentation becomes a necessity. Signoffs are essential for leadership to understand what is at stake. The executive management must make important decisions in revenue and sales that can impact bottom-line performance. For instance, many financial discrepancies can be a huge factor. Often times in a project, expectations are not met that are defined in scope and the WBS. Thus, creating contingency strategies is pivotal

Short article prom promises by amy L. best Essay - 1

Short article prom promises by amy L. best - Essay Example The article very well establishes that â€Å"the relative local success of the Prom Promise often depends on the support of individual communities and schools, and of course, the students.† (p 78, â€Å"Prom Promises - Rules and Ruling: Proms as Sites of Social Control† by Amy L Best) It maintains that the success depends on the students’ consent to their own regulations. The article is very effective, with personally observed examples and conversations with the students, in expressing the actual reasons of the failure of many prom promises. For example, it states and illustrates that â€Å"students sign this contract with every intention of violating it. Consider a conversation I had with Scott, a White student from Woodrow, about the Promise, which his school had once tried to implement, successfully...† (Bests). The article goes on to analyze the various levels of the imposed rules in a prom promise and expatiate the view that the forced strategies of the school authorities to check the uncontrolled behavior of students are ineffective to draw any good results. The author is successful in expressing how the students respond to the rules that aim at the modification of their behavior supplementing it with the real life examples of the students of Rudolph and the like. Trickery of the different schools that aim at the effective implementation of prom promise is analyzed objectively and criticized firmly. The strategies of Stylone with table cards, of Woodrow and Hudson with signing of the names in a guest book and the formalized strategy of Rudolph â€Å"checking kids in† are found, for example, ineffective. The article is also very successful in pointing out the exact reasons for the failure of the program. â€Å"That the teacher received the kids contributed to the sense that the pr om belonged to the teachers and not to the kids. It seemed emblematic that of the direct control the school itself exercised

The Role Of Missionaries In Colonial African Education History Essay

The Role Of Missionaries In Colonial African Education History Essay The home page of Compassion Canada is that of a stereotypical Northern charity: showing pictures of suffering children alternating with those of post-intervention, happy children. Included on the website is information about the charitys programs, such as their Leadership Development Program in which participants earn a degree in their chosen field of study, and participate in Christian leadership training, enabling them to become a fully developed agent of change in their nation (Compassion Canada 2011). It is interesting to note that this project is not a new concept. As a member of the Church of England, it interests me to see echoes of Christian educational efforts by organizations such as Compassion Canada in the educational efforts of the missionary branch of the Anglican Church, the Church Missionary Society, or CMS. A member of the CMS, Henry Venn, boasted that the mission schools of Nigeria would produce an educated African elite that could form an intelligent and influentia l class of society and become the founders of a Kingdom which shall render incalculable benefits to Africa (Venn cited in Bassey 1991:37). That there are parallels between contemporary Christian organizations efforts and the missionary efforts of the mid-nineteenth to mid- twentieth centuries is a reason for concern, considering the similar impact of missionaries of all Christian denominations on the education of Africans in the British and Italian colonies in Africa. Although it can be said that Christian missionaries benefitted Africans by bringing in the more advanced Western education to the European colonies in Africa, it is believed that the mission schools in fact had a negative impact on the native peoples. Not only did mission education strengthen colonial rule, but it also weakened traditional societies and implemented poor standards of Western education. The missionary impact on education would have far-reaching consequences, as their creation of a weak basis of education would slow down the political and educational development of many former colonies in Africa. While missionaries could sometimes clash with colonial governments, for the most part missions were important tools for colonial governments. As Sir Henry Johnston, a key figure in the Scramble for Africa says, they [the mission stations] strengthen our hold over the country, they spread the use of the English language, they induct natives into the best kind of civilization, and in fact, each mission station is an essay in colonization (Johnston cited in Sheffield 1973:10). One of the missions most important contributions to the colonial regimes was their role in educating the native Africans. Mission schools provided a steady stream of educated Africans capable of filling the lower levels of the colonial administration and operated vocational and agricultural schools (Ayandele 1966: 295; Foster 1965: 90-91; Sheffield 1973: 10-11). The academic education purposely did not train Africans for the higher level positions of colonial administrations, which were mostly reserved for Europea ns (Ayandele 1966:295; Sheffield 1973:42), a practise which created dependency on the colonizers, as without them the colony did not have qualified administrators. In addition, while missionaries did run many academic primary schools, they provided little secondary education, a practice which prevented natives from becoming too educated (Ayandele 1966:286) and potentially subversive. Even if secondary education was provided, it was often reserved for the sons of local chiefs (Oliver 1952:212; Beck 1966: 120), an elite the colonial government could then call upon to help rule the colony, a common practice in colonial Africa. The latter, non-academic form of education provided by the missions has stimulated much interest among scholars, who are particularly interested in the failure of many of these schools and the hypocritical government support for the schools, seeing as the import of cheap goods from the mother countries caused many vocational school graduates, such as seamstresses, to be unemployed (Ayandele 1966:296; Foster 1965:134). However hypocritical, government support for the schools should not be surprising, considering the benefits the colonial governments stood to gain. Even when governments discouraged domestic industries, graduates of vocational schools contributed to the economy of the colonies -and therefore indirectly the mother countrys as well. Instead of needing to import skilled workers such as carpenters, the mission schools provided colonial governments with workers capable of building and maintaining the colonys infrastructure and basic technology, a contribution that kept the c olonies running smoothly. The agricultural schools the missions ran would have been even more advantageous to the colonial governments considering the discouragement of local industries that might have competed with the motherland. Agricultural school graduates did not compete with European industries or European farmers, as they mainly grew crops that could not be grown in European climates. Furthermore, they were skilled farmers that could grow cash crops to be consumed back in the mother country, such as cocoa from Ghana (Foster 1965: 153). Moreover, it was not in the colonial powers interest for the natives to become too educated, as they might become self-reliant and could conceivably demand independence from the colonial power, so encouraging the less intellectual agricultural schools was in the governments interest. The missions agricultural schools were especially beneficial for colonial governments considering that governments believed that manual labour was a means to prevent discontent and unrest i n the tribes (Hansen 1984:232). Thus by training Africans to fill only the lower levels of the colonial administration and providing skilled workers from the vocational and agricultural schools who contributed to the economy and were less likely to question colonial rule than more educated Africans, mission schools helped to strengthen colonial rule. Another negative impact of mission education was that it weakened traditional societies, which in many ways further served the colonial cause. The weakening of traditional societies was not simply a consequence of the efforts of missionaries but one of their main objectives, stemming from their belief in the civilizing mission. Supporters of the civilizing mission believed that European colonial enterprises were justified as the Europeans were imparting their superior Western culture and ideas to the ignorant heathens of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australasia. For this reason, missionaries believed they were doing their students a favour by discouraging traditional practices and promoting Western ones. One method of discouraging traditional practices was to give students a fully Western education. As a mission school graduate noted, local history was almost totally ignored. We were expected to accept the European language as the superior one, and this was reinforced throughout my school career (Abu cited in Berman 1974:536). Being ignorant of ones history causes one to lose part of ones identity and pride in that identity, and one is therefore more vulnerable to attacks denouncing ones culture as inferior, especially if at the same time one is being taught the noble history of another culture. Furthermore, mission schools discouraged traditional ways of life outside of the classroom. One Liberian student recalls that we were taught to dress properly, to eat properly, to speak properly. Properly meant by Anglo-Saxon standards. In short, it was a very successful mission in making us little black Anglo-Saxon Protestants. Cultural deprivation is what many of us suffer from []. After a time the idea becomes ingrained -it is heathen and unchristian to be an African culturally (Awori cited in Berman 1974:536). Through academic lessons and lessons on Western etiquette and hygiene, mission students were isolated from their traditional cultures, a traumatic experienc e that would continue to trouble many students for the rest of their lives. It is interesting to note that while in many ways missionaries sought to isolate students from their cultures, missionaries often insisted in teaching in the native languages. Some earlier scholarship on mission education has taken this as a positive impact of the missionaries. For instance the scholar E.A. Ayandele (1966:283), writing in the 1960s, says, By their [the missions] efforts the main languages of Nigeria have been preserved as a lasting legacy to the Ibo, Yoruba, Efik, Nupe and Hausa. However, this practice was in fact probably more due to stereotypes of African ignorance than an interest in being culturally respectful: missionaries may have believed that it would take too long to teach a superior European language to the unintelligent natives when the natives souls were in such desperate need of saving. Indeed, once the souls had been saved and since the students must have been considered clever enough, European languages were almost universally the languages of instruct ion in the later primary years and in secondary schools (Beck 1966: 120; Foster 1965: 159; Miran 2002:127). Teaching in the vernacular had an additional use as it further strengthened colonial rule, of which missionaries were often agents, for as the Kikuyu people of Kenya were aware, [the] inability to communicate in English would be a crucial factor in the perpetuation of their subordinate status in the colony (Berman 1974:531). It is much easier to interact on an equal basis or even challenge the authority of another group when one is able to communicate in that groups language, instead of having to rely on an interpreter or non-verbal gestures, which undermine ones ability to show authority or express ones beliefs. In short, the impact of teaching in the vernacular was more negative than positive, as it reinforced colonial rule and no doubt did very little to preserve native cultural identities, seeing as missionaries promoted European languages as superior and only used the ver nacular because conversion and religious instruction were such high priorities. That missionaries used the vernacular illustrates the fact that missionaries were principally evangelists, and that they considered their other roles, including their role as educators, as less important. Given their priorities, it should thus come as little surprise that missions often provided poor education to the African pupils. There were several reasons for this poor education, some intentional and some not. First, missions saw education foremost as a means of conversion (Ayandele 1966: 286; Bassey 1991: 36; Berman 1974:527; Foster 1965:85; Sheffield 1973:11). The missionaries believed that in order to stabilize the faith of converts and to assist in character development, it was necessary that they should be able to read the scriptures or other books of religious instruction, translated by the missions. This involved learning to read in the vernacular (Hadfield cited in Bone 1969:7). Missionaries were no doubt also aware that Africans came to associate European technological a chievement with Western education (Bassey 1991:45) and therefore offered Western education as a means to attract Africans of this belief and then convert them. However, the motivation behind teaching Africans basic literacy and mathematics might not have been a cause for concern if not for the fact that the religious motivation curtailed education. As Ayandele points out (1966:285), the ideal of many of the missions was to make their converts live literally as the unlearned and ignorant apostles of old. This ideal, combined with the fact that many missionaries discovered that Africans with only basic education were best at spreading the Gospel, meant that missionaries were reluctant to provide higher primary or secondary education (Ayandele 1966:286). Seeing as missions in the British and Italian colonies had monopolies on education for the nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, this reluctance meant that there were few secondary schools at all (Ayandele 1966:287; Beck 1966: 120). A s long as the Africans could read the Bible, the missionaries were satisfied that they had had enough academic education. A second reason for the poor education of the mission schools was that in many cases the teachers in mission schools were unqualified as teachers, but were instead preachers by training. For instance, in the Salisbury region of Rhodesia, it was reported in 1924 that no male teachers had educational qualifications (Bone 1969:28). Third, rivalry between the various Christian denominations also contributed to the poor standards of education. Edward Berman notes that contemporary critics of the missionaries felt that missionaries were more interested in increasing enrolments in their respective churches than in pooling their resources for the benefit of African education (Berman 1974:533). Because of rivalry, instead of building one common, multi-denominational school in a village that really only needed the one school, missionaries each built a school for their particular denomination and competed for students (Berman 1974:533). Furthermore, each denomination had differing policies on education, so standards in education fluctuated across each colony, depending on what denomination had schools in each area. For instance, in southern Nigeria, the CMS policy was to teach in the vernacular at the primary level, while the Roman Catholic Missions policy was to teach in English (Bassey 1991:42). In addition to contri buting to fluctuating educational standards across the colony, inter-denominational rivalry caused a disparity in access to education. In regions where a denomination felt threatened by another denomination, the denominations were more likely to establish more schools in an attempt to gain more converts than their rival, while in regions such as northern Nigeria, where colonial policy prevented too much rivalry, schools were scarce (Bassey 1991:45). Thus, because of the motive of proselytization, unqualified teachers, and inter-denominational rivalry, missions frequently provided poor education. Indeed, the quality of the education could be so poor that the colonial governments complained, as in the case of the Nigerian government, which complained that the secondary school graduates provided by the missions were illiterate and ignorant and therefore poorly suited to fill the lower levels of the administration (Ayandele 1966:294-5). However, as Jonathan Miran (2002) argues in his work on the roles of missionaries and the Italian state in Eritrean education, missionaries should not be held solely accountable for the poor standards of education. As much as the governments liked to assign blame to the missions, they were also accountable for the poor education through their educational policies. As one Eritrean student remarks, Our sisters [the Italian Sisters] would have undoubtedly taught better and more, but the Italian government in the colony did not permit Eritreans to get good instruction (T.T. cited in Miran 2002:128). The colonial Eritrean government ensured that nativ e Eritreans received poor education by permitting them to only attend school up to the fourth grade (Miran 2002:127). Governments are also not free from blame even if they had a laissez-faire educational policy, as in Ghana, where until 1944 the registration of schools was not required and no attempt was made to exert detailed control even over the activities of grant-aided [by the government] institutions except for a series of minimal registrations (Foster 1965:114). If a government fails to regulate schools at all, they have no right to complain that the education in their colony is poor. Therefore, whether through their rigid educational polices or lack thereof, colonial governments contributed to the poor education, though there is no denying that missionaries also contributed to the quality of education to a great extent. In conclusion, the educational enterprise of the Christian missionaries in the British and Italian colonies of Africa during the mid-nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries was primarily negative for the African pupils. Both the academic and vocational forms of education the missions provided served to strengthen the rule of the colonial powers, so that the native inhabitants were second-class citizens in their own land. Furthermore, missionaries, believing in the civilizing mission, attempted to disintegrate traditional society through education by choosing academic subjects, such as the histories of the Western colonial powers, that illustrated the superiority of the Western culture, as well as by teaching about the superiority of the West in non-academic matters such as hygiene. These attempts were traumatic for the students and threatened the survival of unique cultures. Last, missionaries provided a very poor education, causing their students to be ill-equipped for social or mater ial success, as they believed education to simply be a means for proselytization, were unqualified teachers, and allowed inter-denominational rivalries to interfere. As negative as all these impacts of the missionaries undoubtedly were for the African pupils, the long-term consequences are arguably as serious. The reservation of high-level positions in the colonial administrations for Europeans and the corresponding mission education that provided education fit only for lower positions meant that the withdrawal of European rule could cause serious political instability in the newly independent colonies. While colonial administration in colonies such as Kenya attempted to some degree to provide training for Kenyans to fill the high-level positions (Sheffield 1973:86), the attempts in many cases fell short, and when the European administration left, Kenya, for instance, had few sufficiently educated replacements (Sheffield 1973:88). Thus missionaries, by imparting education that promo ted dependence on colonial rule, arguably contributed to the political instability that continues in the present day in many former African colonies, such as Kenya and Eritrea. Moreover, mission education formed a poor foundation for future educational conditions in the former colonies. Given the fluctuating standards between schools and regions and the lack of qualified teachers in the mission schools which had monopolies in well into the mid-twentieth century, it should come as little surprise that the quality of education continues to be a concern in many former colonies. For instance, in Nigeria in 2006, approximately only 51.2% of primary school teachers of either gender were trained as teachers, and the enrolment rate in primary education for both genders in 2000 stood at about 62.7%, compared to 99.5% in Canada (UN Data 2010). Therefore, considering that the impact of mission education continues to have serious repercussions today, one must question whether the First World sh ould continue to interfere in African education. Volunteers and donors to organizations such as Compassion Canada believe that they are being humanitarian when they build schools in Africa, volunteer as teachers or help in other ways to improve the quality of education in African nations, yet missionaries and colonial governments were similarly lauded as performing a great work of humanity (Beck 1966:117) and likewise believed that they were helping their African pupils. However the superficial motivations and ideologies have changed, at the most basic level both contemporary Northern charities and nineteenth century missionaries share the belief that the North must come and save the suffering natives, which in the case of the missionaries, has been proven to have inflicted more harm than provided relief. Thus, despite what the images of suffering African children on websites such as that of Compassion Canada might lead one to believe, it is time for Africans to educate their own, w ithout any interference.

Kustom Kar Kommandos :: essays research papers

The movie Kustom Kar Kommandos is an intriguing look at the relationship between a man and his car. The film, being only about 3 minutes long, is filled with many points of thought involving the nature of this relationship. The short itself is about a man simply buffing and admiring his car, but with the use of music, fades, and slow pans this becomes an erotic event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Playing â€Å"Dream Lover† from the start, Kenneth Anger has found the sensual side of communicating with an automobile, while still keeping the movie free of blatant symbolic imagery. The scene of the short is a very plain stage. A pink backdrop with no props other than the car, our attention is already focused to the action to be presented. The shots are very slow and very smooth, with fade’s and dissolves used abundantly for the transitions. The panning is done at a very slow pace, with the polishing being done at about the same speed. What could be only a few quick shots of a man have been dragged out into 3+ minutes of care and love to the car. The buffing rag itself is virginally white, having never seen any dirt on the car. Everything in the scene leads to a very innocent, sensual theme that Anger expresses so well in his cinematography.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hints of sexuality appear as soon as the first shot comes onscreen. The fluffy white buffing rag caressing the body of the car ever so slowly, it then finds its way to two shiny circular (and very breast-like) objects that are part of the car’s engine. Moving from the body to these two â€Å"breasts†, the buffer never wavers, never slipping up in its quest to polish every inch of the car’s body and engine. Immediately afterwards, and in the same pan, the camera finds a hood ornament of a man sitting down (and apparently fishing) with a very phallic fishing rod projecting out in the silhouette. It is shots like this that give the short its erotic undertone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another interesting aspect of the film is the ambiguity of the man polishing the car. The shots are all done very carefully, so that the man’s face is never seen until the very end of the short. At one point it goes to a close up of the body being buffed, with a fairly revealing reflection of the man, but not his face.